13 Essential Tips for Driving in the Winter

Winter driving can be challenging, but with the right techniques and preparation, you can stay safe on the roads. Follow these tips to handle snowy and icy conditions with confidence.

Image of extremely snowy roads on I-90 in Montana

1. Drive Smoothly and Deliberately

The most important rule for winter driving is to use smooth, controlled movements with the steering wheel, brakes, and accelerator. Abrupt actions can cause your tires to lose grip on slippery roads. Imagine a cup of hot coffee balanced on your lap, and drive carefully enough to keep it from spilling.

2. Look Far Ahead and Maintain a Safe Distance

Keeping distance between cars while driving to Big Sky Montana on the icy canyon road

Winter driving requires extra focus and preparation. Slippery roads mean you need to both anticipate what's ahead and increase the distance between your vehicle and others on the road.

  • Plan Ahead: Look farther down the road than usual, especially in slippery conditions, to anticipate turns, stops, and potential hazards. Start slowing down well before turns or intersections to avoid abrupt movements.

  • Extend Following Distance: On dry roads, the standard following distance is about three seconds. In snowy or icy conditions, double or triple that gap to at least six seconds or more. This extra space gives you more time to react if the vehicle ahead stops suddenly.

  • React Early: Begin slowing down or adjusting your speed as soon as you see brake lights or a change in traffic flow ahead. This reduces the need for sudden braking, which can cause skidding.

  • Avoid Close Proximity: In heavy traffic, keep an even larger gap to allow for unexpected stops or slides.

By combining longer following distances with a forward-thinking approach, you'll be better prepared to handle the unpredictable challenges of winter driving.

3. Pay Attention to Warning Lights

Modern vehicles are equipped with stability control systems to help you maintain traction. If you see a blinking amber light that looks like a car with squiggly lines behind it, your car is alerting you to wheel slippage.

  • During acceleration: Ease off the throttle to let your tires regain grip.

  • During a turn: Reduce your throttle and allow the car to stabilize. Avoid sharp or aggressive steering in these moments.

4. Recover from Skids by Focusing on Your Path

Skids are a common challenge in winter driving, but they can be managed if you stay calm and use the right techniques. The key is to focus on where you want to go and respond effectively to the type of skid you're experiencing.

  • Keep Your Eyes on Your Path: If your car starts to skid, resist the urge to look at obstacles. Instead, focus your gaze on the direction you want the vehicle to go. Your hands will naturally follow, helping you steer toward recovery.

  • Handle Front-Wheel Skids: When the front tires lose grip and the car doesn’t respond to your steering:

    • Ease off the accelerator.

    • Allow the tires to regain traction.

    • Gently steer toward your intended path as traction returns.

  • Manage Rear-Wheel Skids: If the back of your car slides out:

    • Turn the steering wheel in the same direction the rear is sliding (e.g., if the rear slides left, steer left).

    • Ease off the throttle and avoid braking.

    • Once the car stabilizes, steer back to your original direction.

By keeping your focus and reacting calmly, you can recover from most skids and regain control of your vehicle. These techniques, combined with smooth and deliberate driving, can make a significant difference in winter conditions.

6. Use Anti-Lock Brakes Correctly

When you need to stop quickly on icy roads, rely on your vehicle’s anti-lock brake system (ABS).

  • Press the brake pedal firmly and hold it down.

  • The ABS will adjust braking force to prevent the wheels from locking while allowing you to steer.

  • Expect the brake pedal to pulse or vibrate; this is normal and indicates the system is working.

7. Regularly Test Traction

Traction levels can change frequently in winter conditions. To gauge how slippery the road is:

  • Ensure there’s no traffic nearby.

  • Gently apply the brakes while driving straight.

  • If the ABS activates or you feel minimal braking response, the road is slick. Adjust your speed and driving accordingly.

8. Don’t Overestimate All-Wheel Drive

All-wheel-drive (AWD) systems are great for improving traction when accelerating, but they don’t help with braking or turning. AWD vehicles are still subject to the same limitations as two-wheel-drive cars when it comes to stopping and handling in snow and ice. Drive cautiously regardless of your vehicle’s drivetrain.


9. Invest in Winter Tires

One of the best ways to prepare for winter driving is by equipping your vehicle with proper winter tires. Unlike all-season tires, winter tires are designed to provide superior traction on snow, slush, and ice. Installing a set of four winter tires can significantly enhance your safety and confidence during the cold months.


10. Clear Snow from Your Vehicle Before Driving

A truck that need wiped off of snow before driving in Montana

Before heading out, take the time to thoroughly remove snow and ice from your vehicle. Driving with snow-covered windows, mirrors, or roof can compromise visibility and endanger others on the road. Here's how to do it effectively:

  • Clear all windows and mirrors: Use a snow brush and ice scraper to ensure maximum visibility. Don't rely on wipers alone, as they can be damaged by heavy snow or ice buildup.

  • Remove snow from the roof and hood: Snow left on the roof can slide onto your windshield while braking, and snow on the hood can blow onto the glass while driving.

  • Check the lights: Ensure your headlights, taillights, and turn signals are free of snow to maintain visibility for yourself and others.

  • Clear vents and license plates: Snow blocking your air intakes can reduce defroster effectiveness, and an obscured license plate can lead to fines in some areas.

  • Keep tools handy: Carry a snow brush, ice scraper, and even a small shovel in your car during the winter months for quick cleanups.

Properly clearing your vehicle not only improves safety but also prevents snow from creating hazards for other drivers. Always ensure your car is fully ready before hitting the road.


12. Essential Gear and Clothing for Winter Driving

Being prepared for winter conditions means not only driving carefully but also having the right gear and clothing in your vehicle. This can make a big difference if you get stuck, face delays, or encounter extreme weather.

Gear to Keep in Your Car

  • Ice scraper and snow brush: Essential for clearing snow and ice from windows, mirrors, and lights.

  • Shovel: A compact shovel can help you dig out if your vehicle gets stuck in snow.

  • Traction aids: Items like sand, cat litter, or traction mats can provide grip for your tires on icy or snowy surfaces.

  • Jumper cables: Cold weather can drain car batteries quickly, so keep jumper cables or a portable jump starter on hand.

  • Flashlight and extra batteries: Useful for nighttime emergencies or flagging down help.

  • Blankets: Keep a few warm blankets in the car to stay warm if you get stranded.

  • First aid kit: Always a good idea for unexpected injuries.

  • Phone charger: A car charger or power bank ensures you can call for help if needed.

  • Emergency food and water: Pack non-perishable snacks and bottled water in case you're stuck for an extended period.

  • Road flares or reflective triangles: Make yourself visible to other drivers if you're stopped on the roadside.

Clothing to Bring

  • Warm jacket: Insulated and waterproof jackets are ideal for extreme cold.

  • Gloves and hat: Protect your extremities from frostbite and cold exposure.

  • Sturdy, waterproof boots: Essential if you need to walk through snow or ice.

  • Thermal layers: Wear or pack thermal clothing to help retain body heat.

  • Extra socks and clothing: If you get wet, having dry clothing can prevent hypothermia.

Being equipped with the right gear and clothing ensures you're prepared for any winter driving scenario, whether it's a minor inconvenience or a more serious emergency.


13. Plan Ahead and Choose Safer Routes

Winter driving conditions require not only careful driving but also smart trip planning. Adjusting your schedule and route can make your journey safer and less stressful.

  • Start Earlier: Leave extra time to reach your destination. Slower speeds and cautious driving are necessary on snowy or icy roads, so plan accordingly to avoid feeling rushed.

  • Stick to Popular Roads: Main roads and highways are often prioritized for snow clearing and salting. They’re more likely to have better traction and visibility compared to less-traveled routes.

  • Follow Plow Trucks Safely: Driving behind snowplows is generally safe because they clear the road ahead, but avoid following too closely. The sand, salt, or debris thrown by the plow can cause rock chips or damage to your windshield. Maintain a safe distance.

  • Beware of Packed Tracks: The hard-packed tracks created by other vehicles can be more slippery than the loose snow on the road edges. If conditions permit, driving slightly outside these tracks may provide better traction.

Conclusion

Taking the time to plan your trip and adjusting your driving habits for winter conditions can make a significant difference in ensuring a safe arrival.

Winter driving can be challenging, but with the right preparation, caution, and mindset, you can stay safe on slippery roads. By driving smoothly, maintaining a safe following distance, regularly assessing traction, and being prepared with the right gear and clothing, you can reduce your risk of accidents. Planning ahead, choosing well-cleared routes, and driving with care will further ensure your safety. Always remember to stay calm in difficult situations, focus on your path during skids, and adapt your driving for the conditions at hand. With these strategies, you’ll be better equipped to handle winter driving and reach your destination safely.

Aaron Lind